High‐quality trials are needed.Īutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive developmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction,Ĭommunication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors (DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). This review will facilitate future empirical work and assist clinicians with treatment options for pica in youth. As needed, more restrictive procedures can be added to the treatment package. We recommend that the least restrictive procedures are implemented first, including a combination treatment with contingent reinforcement and discrimination training. “Other” coded procedures did not appear effective. No evidence supported the effectiveness of response interruption procedures, including response blocking and visual facial screen. Findings showed support for contingent reinforcement, discrimination training as part of a combination treatment, physical restraint, time out, and contingent aversive stimulus. Interventions that resulted in near‐zero rates of pica were deemed effective. Seventeen behavioral interventions were categorized into four treatment approaches: reinforcement‐based, response interruption, “other” interventions, and punishment‐based procedures. These studies were case studies involving behavioral treatments for pica. Thirty articles were included and double coded for demographic information, comorbid conditions, and intervention characteristics. Five reviewers completed sorting based on full article review. Two reviewers completed initial sorting based on article titles and abstracts. A systematic search yielded 823 articles extracted from five databases: CINALH, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The objective of this study is to systematically review the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for pica in children and adolescents and to generate treatment recommendations. However, there is limited research on interventions for pica in youth. Pica is the persistent consumption of non‐nutritive, non‐food substances, and is associated with adverse health complications. 2006Schepis et al., 1998Schmit et al., 2000Simpson et al., 2004Smith & Camarata, 1999Taber et al" 2000Thiemann & Goldstein, 2001Thiemann & Goldstein, 2004Tincani, 2004 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X. 2004RevTihout & Carter, 2007Ricciardi et al., 2003Riesen et al., 2003Scattone et al., 2002 Scattone et al. 2000Brown & Mirenda, 2006Bryan & Cast, 2000Buggey, 2005Cicero & Pfadt, 2002Coleman-Martin et al., 2005Conroy et al., 2005Delano & Snell, 2006Dib & Sturmey, 2007Durand, 1999Dyches, 1998Garrison-Harrell & Kamps, 1997Grindle & Remington, 2004Hagiwara & Myles, 1999Heckaman et al., 1998 Hirsch & Myles, 1996Johnson et al., 2004Kay et al., 2006Laushey & Heflin, 2000Luiselli, 1996Malandrak & Okalidou, 2007Mancina et al., 2000Mechling, Cast, & Cronin, 2006O'Reilly et al., 2005Peterson et al., 2001Pestursdottir et al., 2007Polychronis et al.
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